小当量水中爆炸气泡的脉动现象

为研究水中爆炸气泡的脉动现象,设计了用于小当量(10 g TNT)水中爆炸研究的爆炸水箱,在爆炸水箱装置中进行了多次0.125、1.000、3.370、8.000 g TNT当量的PETN球形炸药水中爆炸试验。采用高速摄影系统获得了气泡脉动图片;给出试验范围内气泡脉动过程中气泡直径、速度及加速度随时间变化的拟合曲线。对气泡脉动直径和周期数据进行了分析,这些数据基本符合爆炸相似律。     

Generation of time-dependent ultra-short optical pulse trains in the presence of self-steepening effect

Starting from the extended nonlinear Schr?dinger equation in which the self-steepening effect is included, the evolution and the splitting processes of continuous optical wave whose amplitude is perturbed into time related ultra-short optical pulse trains in an optical fibre are numerically simulated by adopting the split-step Fourier algorithm. The results show that the self-steepening effect can cause the characteristic of the pulse trains to vary with time, which is different from the self-steepening-free case where the generated pulse trains consist of single pulses which are identical in width, intensity, and interval, namely when pulses move a certain distance, they turn into the pulse trains within a certain time range. Moreover, each single pulse may split into several sub-pulses. And as time goes on, the number of the sub-pulses will decrease gradually and the pulse width and the pulse intensity will change too. With the increase of the self-steepening parameter, the distance needed to generate time-dependent pulse trains will shorten. In addition, for a large self-steepening parameter and at the distance where more sub-pulses appear, the corresponding frequency spectra of pulse trains are also wider.     

飞秒脉冲在熔石英玻璃中超连续谱产生的研究

从非线性薛定谔方程出发,利用分步傅里叶方法,研究了时空耦合飞秒脉冲在熔石英玻璃中传输时,传输距离、入射激光脉冲峰值功率、衍射、色散和非线性等因素对超连续谱产生的影响。结果表明,飞秒脉冲在熔石英玻璃中传输时,超连续谱的产生主要分为两阶段：由材料的自聚焦等三阶非线性效应引起的脉冲压缩阶段及由自相位调制和材料群速度色散引起脉冲分裂阶段。当高峰值功率的飞秒脉冲在熔石英玻璃中传输时,材料的三阶非线性效应抑制衍射效应,引起脉冲压缩,从而产生子脉冲,由此引入新的频率成分。同时,还研究了同一脉冲不同横向空间位置处的超连续谱的变化规律,在中心频率两侧均有新频率产生。最后,通过实验证实了超连续谱的产生。     

少周期脉冲在稠密V型三能级介质中传播时的粒子布居演化

利用由预估计校正-时域有限差分(PC-FDTD)法求解Maxwell-Bloch方程得到的数值解,研究少周期激光脉冲在稠密V型三能级原子介质中传播时各能级粒子数布居的演化特性.结果表明,两跃迁偶极矩的比值(γ)对稠密介质中粒子数布居反转出现的时间和振荡的次数具有显著的影响,γ=1时,考虑洛仑兹局域场修正(LFC)时,粒子数反转出现的较晚,近偶极-偶极(NDD)相互作用延缓了粒子数的反转;γ>1时,考虑LFC时,粒子数反转出现的较早,NDD相互作用加快了粒子数的反转;电偶极矩不同时,粒子数布居振荡的次数比相同时多.粒子数布居在稠密介质中的演化特性与稀疏介质中显著不同,在入界处,稀疏介质中粒子数布居可以实现长时间的反转;随着介质密度的增大,粒子数布居产生准周期性的振荡,但考虑LFC时,振荡的次数比不考虑LFC时少.     

基于脉冲电铸技术Ni-ZrO2纳米梯度功能材料的制备工艺

研究了在脉冲复合电铸过程中,当其它工艺参数一定时,镀液中纳米ZrO2颗粒含量、脉间、脉宽和阴极电流密度对复合电铸层中ZrO2复合量和沉积速率以及脉冲参数对复合电铸层表面形貌的影响,并对所制备复合电铸层的横截面进行了SEM观察和组成成分测定.结果表明,通过控制脉冲复合电铸过程中的工艺参数可以制备出由纳米颗粒复合量变化而导致其组织成分呈梯度分布的纳米功能梯度材料.     

Study on the interaction of intense femtosecond laser pulses with nanometre-sized hydrogen clusters

The interaction of intense femtosecond laser pulses with hydrogen clusters has been experimentally studied. The hydrogen clusters were produced from expansion of high-pressure hydrogen gas (backed up to 8\tm10⁶Pa) into vacuum through a conical nozzle cryogenically cooled by liquid nitrogen. The average size of hydrogen clusters was estimated by Rayleigh scattering measurement and the maximum proton energy of up to 4.2keV has been obtained from the Coulomb explosion of hydrogen clusters under 2×10¹⁶ W/cm² laser irradiation. Dependence of the maximum proton energy on cluster size and laser intensity was investigated, indicating the correlation between the laser intensity and the cluster size. The maximum proton energy is found to be directly proportional to the laser intensity, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction.     

The design and artificial realization of a controller of pulse coupling feedback

In this paper a controller of pulse coupling feedback (PCF) is designed to control chaotic systems. Control principles and the technique to select the feedback coefficients are introduced. This controller is theoretically studied with a three dimensional (3D) chaotic system. The artificial simulation results show that the chaotic system can be stabilized to different periodic orbits by using the PCF method, and the number of the periodic orbits are 2ⁿ× 3^mp (n and m are integers). Therefore, this control method is effective and practical.     

Effects of initial frequency chirp on the linear propagation characteristics of the exponential optical pulse

In this paper, the linear propagation characteristics of the exponential optical pulse with initial linear and nonlinear frequency chirp are numerically studied in a single mode fibre for \be₂<0. It can be found that the temporal full width at half maximum and time-bandwidth product of exponential pulse monotonically increase with the increase of propagation distance and decrease with the increase of linear chirp C for C<0.5, go through an initial decreasing stage near \zeta=1, then increase with the increase of propagation distance and linear chirp C for C\geq0.5. The broadening of pulses with negative chirp is faster than that with positive chirp. The exponential pulse with linear chirp gradually evolves into a near-Gaussian pulse. The effect of nonlinear chirp on waveform of the pulse is much greater than that of linear chirp. The temporal waveform breaking of exponential pulse with nonlinear chirp is first observed in linear propagation. Furthermore, the expressions of the spectral width and time-bandwidth product of the exponential optical pulse with the frequency chirp are given by use of the numerical analysis method.     

Enhanced pulse compression induced by the interaction between the third—order dispersion and the cross—phase modulation in birefringent fibres

In this paper,we report on the enhanced pulse compression due to the interaction between the positive third-order dispersion (TOD) and the nonlinear effect (cross-phase modulation effect) in birefringent fibres.Polarization soliton compression along the slow axis can be enhanced in a birefringent fibre with positive third-order dispersion,while the polarization soliton compression along the fast axis can be enhanced in the fibre with negative third-order dispersion.Moreover,there is an optimal third-order dispersion parameter for obtaining the optimal pulse compression.Redshifted initial chirp is helpful to the pulse compression,while blueshifted chirp is detrimental to the pulse compression.There is also an optimal chirp parameter to reach maximum pulse compression.The optimal pulse compression for TOD parameters under different N-order solitons is also found.     

茂金属聚乙烯的非等温结晶行为及其动力学研究

为探索分子量和支链含量对聚乙烯非等温结晶过程的影响,选用3组样品:(1)不同分子量的无支链线形聚乙烯;(2)低分子量的支链含量不同的试样;(3)高分子量的支链含量不同的试样.用DSC研究了这3组样品的非等温结晶动力学.结果表明:(1)与支链含量相比,分子量大小对结晶的影响是次要的,但高分子量样品的结晶度比低分子量样品低;(2)支链对聚乙烯的非等温结晶有重要影响,在支化聚乙烯中起决定作用;(3)无论是高分子量试样还是低分子量试样,支化含量增加,聚乙烯的结晶温度、结晶度、结晶动力学以及晶体的熔点等显著降低.